Here's a pictorial view of a standalone Arduino system on a breadboard. This version basically duplicates the Arduino serial model, with a slight change. You can see from the schematic that a few components have been removed, and a new one has been added. The 7404N hex inverter replaces the RX and TX transistor assemblies on the serial board. It's just a convenient way to invert the serial signal from a the programming computer to the ATMega8.

Bootloader

NOTE: there are 3 mistakes in the schematic: pin 1 and 2 of the 7404 (IC1) must be swapped / S1 (the reset switch) is connected between GND and pin 1 of IC2 (the atmega8) / pin 5 of X1 (serial connector) is connected to ground.

NOTE: there are 3 mistakes in the schematic: pin 1 and 2 of the 7404 (IC1) must be swapped / S1 (the reset switch) is connected between GND and pin 1 of IC2 (the atmega8) / pin 4 of X1 (serial connector) is connected to ground.

NOTE: there are 2 mistakes in the schematic. pin 1 and 2 of the 7404 (IC1) must be swapped and S1 (the reset switch) is connected between GND and pin 1 of IC2 (the atmega8)

You'll need a chart to know the Arduino pin numbers of the ATmega8 pins. Here's one.

You'll need a chart to know the Arduino pin numbers of the ATmega8 pins. Here's one.

Bootloading

Attach:standalone-schem.jpg Δ

Attach:standalone-schem.jpg Δ

note: programming header not included in schematic

Once the chip is bootloaded, you're ready to connect it to the Arduino software. To simplify the board, I removed the programming header and connecting wires and added a reset button in the space above the microcontroller. Here's the resulting board. This is accurate to the schematic, except for the 220-ohm resistor on the LED.

The serial connector's connection to ground is hidden under the connector itself in the photo above, so here's the same photo without the connector, to reveal the wires:

The serial connector is soldered to some straight headers so it can fit into the board like so:

ser-connector-back.jpg

Connect a serial cable to your computer, a 9-15V DC power supply to the board, and you're ready to program.

Here's a part list for this board.

I made a programming header connector to connect to an AVRISP programmer by soldering right-angle header pins to straight header pins. The cable attaches fasing to the right of the board.

To program the bootloader, you'll need the bootloader files. In Arduino-0001, bootloading is not built into the interface, so you'll need to do a little extra work.

insert bootload instructions

Once the chip is bootloaded, you're ready to connect it to the Arduino software.

Tom Igoe

Here's a pictorial view of a standalone Arduino system on a breadboard. This version basically duplicates the Arduino serial model, with a slight change. You can see from the schematic that a few components have been removed, and a new one has been added. The 7404N hex inverter replaces the TX and TX transistor assemblies on the serial board. It's just a convenient way to invert the serial signal from a the programming computer to the ATMega8.

You will need an Atmel programmer to put the bootloader on your microcontroller, initially. In the board pictured below, space is left above the microcontroller to attach the programming cable.

I made a programming header connector to connect to an AVRISP programmer by soldering right-angle header pins to straight header pins.

Here it is.