if (digitalRead(2) == HIGH && digitalRead(3) == HIGH) { // read two switches

is true only if both inputs are high.

if (digitalRead(2) == 1 && digitalRead(3) == 1) { // read two switches

• ~ (bitwise NOT

• ^ (bitwise NOT

• & (bitwise AND)
• | (bitwise OR)

if (x > 0 && x < 5) {

True if the operand is false, e.g.

[@

@]

Warning

Make sure you don't mistake the boolean AND operator, && (double ampersand) for the bitwise AND operator & (single ampersand). They are entirely different beasts.

Similarly, do not confuse the boolean || (double pipe) operator with the bitwise OR operator | (single pipe).

The bitwise not ~ (tilde) looks much different than the boolean not ! (exclamation point or "bang" as the programmers say) but you still have to be sure which one you want where.

Examples

[@ if (a >= 10 && a <= 20){} // true if a is between 10 and 20

if (a >= 10 && a <= 20){} // true if a is between 10 and 20

digitalWrite(ledPin, !a); // this will turn on the LED every other time through the loop

&& (logical and)

True only if both operands are true, e.g.

|| (logical or)

True if either operand is true, e.g.

! (not)

True if the operand is true, e.g.

&& (logical and): true only if both operands are true, e.g.

if (x > 0 && x< 5) {
  // ...
} 

is true only if x is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

|| (logical or): true if either operand is true, e.g.

if (x > 0 || y > 0) {
  // ...
} 

is true if either x or y is greater than 0.

! (not): true if the operand is true, e.g.

if (!x) { 
  // ...
} 

is true if x is false (i.e. if x equals 0).

Boolean Operators

These can be used inside the condition of an if statement.

&& (logical and): true only if both operands are true, e.g. if (x > 0 && x< 5) { } is true only if x is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

|| (logical or): true if either operand is true, e.g. if (x > 0 || y > 0) { } is true if either x or y is greater than 0.

! (not): true if the operand is true, e.g. if (!x) { } is true if x is false (i.e. if x equals 0).

Example

See also

• if

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