Language Reference

Structure

• setup()
• loop()

Control Structures

• if
• if...else
• for
• switch case
• while
• do... while
• break
• continue
• return

Further Syntax

• ; (semicolon)
• {} (curly braces)
• // (single line comment)
• /* */ (multi-line comment)

Arithmetic Operators

• = (assignment)
• + (addition)
• - (subtraction)
• * (multiplication)
• / (division)
• % (modulo)

Comparison Operators

• == (equal to)
• != (not equal to)
• < (less than)
• > (greater than)
• <= (less than or equal to)
• >= (greater than or equal to)

Boolean Operators

• && (and)
• || (or)
• ! (not)

Compound Operators

• ++ (increment)
• -- (decrement)
• += (compound addition)
• -= (compound subtraction)
• *= (compound multiplication)
• /= (compound division)

Variables

Constants

• HIGH | LOW
• INPUT | OUTPUT
• true | false

• Integer Constants

Data Types

• boolean
• char
• byte
• int
• unsigned int
• long
• unsigned long
• float
• double
• string
• array
• void

Conversion

• char()
• byte()
• int()
• long()
• float()

Functions

Digital I/O

• pinMode()
• digitalWrite()
• digitalRead()

Analog I/O

• analogRead()
• analogWrite() - PWM

Advanced I/O

• tone()
• noTone()
• shiftOut()
• pulseIn()

Time

• millis()
• micros()
• delay()
• delayMicroseconds()

Math

• min()
• max()
• abs()
• constrain()
• map()
• pow()
• sq()
• sqrt()

Trigonometry

• sin()
• cos()
• tan()

Random Numbers

• randomSeed()
• random()

Communication

• Serial

Didn't find something? Check the extended reference or the libraries. Or see the list of community-contributed code.