// calibrate during the first five seconds 
 while (millis() < 5000) {
   sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);

   // record the maximum sensor value
   if (sensorValue > sensorMax) {
     sensorMax = sensorValue;
   }

   // record the minimum sensor value
   if (sensorValue < sensorMin) {
     sensorMin = sensorValue;
   }
 }