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Foundations

This page contains explanations of some of the elements of the Arduino hardware and software and the concepts behind them. Page Discussion

Basics

• Sketch: The various components of a sketch and how they work.

Microcontrollers

• Digital Pins: How the pins work and what it means for them to be configured as inputs or outputs.

• Analog Input Pins: Details about the analog-to-digital conversion and other uses of the pins.

• PWM: How the analogWrite() function simulates an analog output using pulse-width modulation.

• Memory: The various types of memory available on the Arduino board.

Arduino Firmware

• Bootloader: A small program pre-loaded on the Arduino board to allow uploading sketches.

Programming Technique

• Variables: How to define and use variables. (Also see this additional explanation.)

• Functions: How to define and use functions.

• Port Manipulation: Manipulating ports directly for faster manipulation of multiple pins